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Cancer is when cells in the body grow out of control. These cells can form a tumor or damaged tissue. If cancer cells grow in the kidney, it is called kidney cancer.<\/p>\n
\u2022 The most common kidney cancer in adults is renal cell carcinoma. It forms in the lining of very small tubes in the kidney.
\n\u2022 Cancers found in the center of the kidney are known as transitional cell carcinoma.
\n\u2022 Wilms tumor is a kidney cancer that very young children can get.<\/p>\n
On average, people are diagnosed with kidney cancer at around age 64. It\u2019s rarely found in people younger than age 45. Generally, our lifetime risk for developing cancer in the kidney is about 1 in 63 (1.6%)1. This risk is higher in men than in women. With timely diagnosis and treatment, kidney cancer can be cured.<\/p>\n
Getting an early diagnosis for kidney cancer improves the outlook for patients. patient who receives a diagnosis at Stage I has an 81 percent chance of living for at least another 5 years.
\nAt Stage II, there is a 74 percent chance of surviving for another 5 years, at Stage III, there is a 53 percent chance, and if the disease is diagnosed at Stage IV, the likelihood of surviving 5 years or longer is around 8 percent.
\nIf your tests show you have kidney cancer, you will want to talk with a cancer specialist. The doctors who can help include:<\/p>\n
\u2022 A urologist: a surgeon who specializes in treating diseases of the urinary system and reproductive systems
\n\u2022 A radiation oncologist: a doctor who treats cancer with radiation therapy
\n\u2022 A medical oncologist: a doctor who treats cancer with medicines such as immunotherapy<\/p>\n
Kidney tumors may not hurt or show any signs. Sometimes a growth in the kidney can cause:<\/p>\n
\u2022 Blood in the urine
\n\u2022 Pain in the side, abdomen or back that doesn\u2019t go away
\n\u2022 A lump in your abdomen
\n\u2022 Loss of appetite and weight loss for no known reason
\n\u2022 Anemia and fatigue
\nIf cancer spreads (metastasizes) beyond the kidney, symptoms depend upon where it spreads. Short breath or coughing-up blood may occur when cancer is in the lung. Bone pain or fracture may occur when cancer is in the bone.<\/p>\n
Cancer in the kidney is linked to the following risks:
\n\u2022 Smoking
\n\u2022 Obesity
\n\u2022 Chronic high blood pressure
\n\u2022 Misusing certain pain medicine for a long time
\n\u2022 Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
\n\u2022 Tuberous sclerosis
\n\u2022 Family history of kidney cancer<\/p>\n
If cancer cells are found, your doctor will need to know the tumor stage and grade. A carefully diagnosed grade and stage will help your health care team find the best treatment.<\/p>\n
These descriptions define the main kidney cancer stages:
\n\u2022 Stage I: The tumor is confined to the kidney and less than 7.0 cm in size. There is no spread to lymph nodes or distant organs.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Stage II: The tumor is confined to the kidney and greater than 7.0 cm in size. There is no spread to lymph nodes or distant organs.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Stage III: These include tumors of any size, with spread into the lymph nodes adjacent to the kidney or into the large veins leading from the kidney to the heart (venous tumor thrombus). This stage does not include tumors that invade into other adjacent organs or those with distant metastasis.<\/p>\n
\u2022 Stage IV: This stage includes any cancers that have invaded into adjacent organs such as the colon (large bowel) or the abdominal wall, and those with distant metastases.<\/p>\n
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Unfortunately, there are no blood or urine tests that directly detect kidney cancer. Most often a tumor is diagnosed during routine screening for people with genetic risks (e.g. Von Hippel-Lindau disease, tuberous sclerosis). Or it is found when a person sees a doctor about an unrelated problem.
\nThese are tests most often used to diagnose kidney cancer:<\/p>\n
\u2022 Physical exam and history: A health care professional will check for lumps or anything else that seems unusual. They will ask about your health habits, past illnesses and treatments.
\n\u2022 Ultrasound exam
\n\u2022 Blood chemistry studies
\n\u2022 Urinalysis: Unusual levels of sugar, protein, red blood cells, and white blood cells can indicate a problem.
\n\u2022 Liver function test: to measure the enzymes released by the liver.
\n\u2022 Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): A series of x-rays of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder are taken to see if cancer is found there.
\n\u2022 CT scan (CAT scan or computed tomography)
\n\u2022 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
\n\u2022 Biopsy: The sample(removed by a fine needle from the tumor) is viewed under a microscope by a pathologist<\/p>\n
The treatment plan that you choose with your doctor depends on many things:<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tumor grade and stage
\n\u2022 Your age
\n\u2022 Your overall health and health history
\n\u2022 Your anatomy (the anatomy of your kidney collection system)<\/p>\n
Most kidney cancers are treated first by surgery. A person can function with just one kidney, so removing a kidney is an option.Nephrectomy involves removing the kidney, the nearby adrenal gland, a border of healthy tissue, and the adjacent lymph nodes. The surgery can be done laparoscopically, through small incisions.<\/p>\n
If the tumor is less than 1.5 inches, or 4 centimeters across, the surgeon may remove only part of the kidney in a partial nephrectomy.If the cancer has spread outside the kidney, surgery may not cure it, but it can ease pain and make other non-surgical treatments more effective.<\/p>\n
In nephron-sparing surgery, the tumor, but not the kidney, is surgically removed. This may be an option during the early stage of kidney cancer, or if the patient has only one kidney.A patient who is unwell or frail may not be able to undergo surgery. In this case, a number of nonsurgical treatment options are possible.<\/p>\n
It aims to block the flow of blood to the tumor. The surgeon inserts a small tube known as a catheter into the groin. X-ray images guide the catheter into the blood supply for the kidney. A special material passes through the catheter into the blood vessel, blocking the blood supply to the kidney and starving the tumor of oxygen and nutrients. This causes the tumor to shrink.<\/p>\n
It involves inserting one or more special needles, known as cryoprobes, through small incisions into the tumor. An imaging scan guides the process. A gas in the needles freezes the cells around the tip of each needle. Another gas warms thaws the tissue, and then the cells are refrozen. This freeze-thaw cycle kills the cancer cells.<\/p>\n
In biological therapy, or immunotherapy, drugs use the body's own immune system to fight cancer. Examples are interferon and interleukin-2. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, chills, elevated body temperature, and loss of appetite.<\/p>\n
Radiation therapy cannot usually cure kidney cancer, but it may help reduce the spread and the severity of symptoms. Patients typically undergo a few minutes of treatment daily for a number of days.<\/p>\n
Measures to reduce the risk of developing kidney and other cancers include:<\/p>\n
\uf0a7 Not smoking
\n\uf0a7 Eating plenty of fruit and vegetables
\n\uf0a7 Exercising regularly
\n\uf0a7 Keeping the body weight within normal limits for your height, sex, and age
\n\uf0a7 Getting at least 7 hours good quality continuous sleep every 24 hours
\n\uf0a7 Maintaining a healthy blood pressure
\n\uf0a7 Avoiding toxic chemicals<\/p>\n
Treating problems like high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity, can help prevent future kidney damage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Cancer is when cells in the body grow out of control. These cells can form a tumor or damaged tissue. If cancer cells grow in the kidney, it is called kidney cancer.<\/p>\n
\u2022 The most common kidney cancer in adults is renal cell carcinoma. It forms in the lining of very small tubes in the kidney.
\n\u2022 Cancers found in the center of the kidney are known as transitional cell carcinoma.
\n\u2022 Wilms tumor is a kidney cancer that very young children can get.<\/p>\n
On average, people are diagnosed with kidney cancer at around<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":92,"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89\/revisions\/92"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iranianurology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}